/** \file * * This file contains special DoxyGen information for the generation of the main page and other special * documentation pages. It is not a project source file. */ /** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader * * \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility: * * The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo. * * \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7) * \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6) * \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - See \ref SSec_Aux_Space * \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2) - See \ref SSec_Aux_Space * * \section Sec_Info USB Information: * * The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
USB Mode:Device
USB Class:Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)
USB Subclass:None
Relevant Standards:USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet
Supported USB Speeds:Low Speed Mode \n * Full Speed Mode
* * \section Sec_Description Project Description: * * This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming * software to load firmware onto the AVR. * * Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit * into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to * edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile. * * When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the * bootloader from the normal user application. * * \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader * * This bootloader is designed to be started via the HWB mechanism of the USB AVRs; ground the HWB pin (see device * datasheet) then momentarily ground /RESET to start the bootloader. This assumes the HWBE fuse is set and the BOOTRST * fuse is cleared. * * For board specific exceptions to the above, see below. * * \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board * Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the * \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board. * * \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board * Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the * \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board. * * \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation * * This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to * install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows * OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a * digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at * http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project. * * \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader * drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please * manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly. * * \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application * * This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines. * * \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows) * * FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website. * The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several * popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB * support and thus is only offered on Windows. * * To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation. * * \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux) * * dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a * USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/. * * The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer: * \code * dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex * \endcode * * \section Sec_API User Application API * * Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader, * allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data. * * \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader. * * By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the * following layout: * * \code * #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE 32 * #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE) * #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index) (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2) * * void (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0); * void (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1); * void (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2); * uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3); * uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4); * uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5); * void (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6); * * #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2)) * #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE 0xDCFB * * #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4)) * #define BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE 0xDF10 * * #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8)) * #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH 4 * \endcode * * From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address * \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader * can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them * to the value \c BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH * memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START. * * \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map * The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader. * * \verbatim * +----------------------------+ 0x0000 * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | User Application | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE * | Booloader Start Trampoline | * | (Not User App. Accessible) | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - (BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE - 4) * | | * | Auxillery Bootloader | * | Space for Smaller Devices | * | (Not User App. Accessible) | * | | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE * | | * | Bootloader Application | * | (Not User App. Accessible) | * | | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96 * | API Table Trampolines | * | (Not User App. Accessible) | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32 * | Bootloader API Table | * | (User App. Accessible) | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8 * | Bootloader ID Constants | * | (User App. Accessible) | * +----------------------------+ FLASHEND * \endverbatim * * \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section * To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical * bootloader section of smaller than 6KB) * * \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues: * * \par On Linux machines, the DFU bootloader is inaccessible. * On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly * inserted DFU devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain * access. * See here for resolution steps. * * \par After loading an application, it is not run automatically on startup. * Some USB AVR boards ship with the BOOTRST fuse set, causing the bootloader * to run automatically when the device is reset. In most cases, the BOOTRST * fuse should be disabled and the HWBE fuse used instead to run the bootloader * when needed. * * \section Sec_Options Project Options * * The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value. * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Define Name:Location:Description:
SECURE_MODEAppConfig.hIf defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an * erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from * being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.
*/